Hat Creek, Calif. -- A new-concept radio array devoted equally to galactic astronomy and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence will be dedicated today (Thursday, Oct. 11) by the University of California, Berkeley, and the SETI Institute at a ceremony in Northern California.
Located in an arid valley near the town of Hat Creek, just north of Lassen Volcanic National Park, the first 42 of a planned 350 radio dishes of the Allen Telescope Array (ATA) recently started collecting scientific data from the far reaches of the universe, opening a new era of radio astronomy research. The ATA is also the first major telescope devoted specifically to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI).
"This is a great day for the science of radio astronomy and the study of the cosmos," said Leo Blitz, UC Berkeley professor of astronomy and director of the university's Radio Astronomy Laboratory, which is building the ATA with the SETI Institute. "Thanks to a unique intersection between the best in science; advanced, innovative technology; and bold philanthropy, many secrets of the universe are a little closer to being revealed."
In addition to providing expanded search capabilities for intelligent civilizations beyond Earth, the telescope's potential discoveries include a better understanding of exploding stars (supernovas), black holes and new, exotic astronomical objects that are predicted but not yet observed.
Based on the concept that a large number of small dishes would be cheaper and faster than a small number of large dishes, the ATA is the first panchromatic, wide-angle, snapshot, radio camera ever built, and is the most effective tool to create radio images of a vast area of the sky ever placed in the hands of researchers.
Paul G. Allen, the Microsoft co-founder and philanthropist whose foundation donated seed money that started the project in 2001 and who is the primary funder of the ATA, joined representatives of UC Berkeley and the SETI Institute to launch the array
"This project represents a potential breakthrough in building large arrays of radio telescopes that are extremely cost effective," said Allen. "As now deployed and with plenty of room for growth in the future, the telescope can fulfill a multitude of uses, including broad radio sky surveys and the search for evidence of extraterrestrial technology. I'm pleased to be able to contribute to such an important advancement and to help build on the work this new telescope will do in the future. My hat is off to the team that worked so hard these last seven years to accomplish this significant milestone."
Every object in space emits radio waves that can be collected and studied. From observation of these signals, radio astronomers can create a picture of astronomical bodies and events at great distances, revealing details not discernable by telescopes operating at other wavelengths. The ATA will acquire data in a new way, imaging a large piece of the sky at once. What sets the ATA apart from earlier radio telescopes is its ability to collect and analyze more information about celestial objects and to do this simultaneously for several projects. In addition, observational surveys can be made with greater speed than any previous or existing radio device.
"For SETI, the ATA's technical capabilities exponentially increase our ability to search for intelligent signals and may lead to the discovery of thinking beings elsewhere in the universe," said astronomer Seth Shostak of the SETI Institute in Mountain View.
The telescope's first test images, released today from data gathered by the 42 ATA telescopes, include a radio map of the nearby Andromeda Galaxy (M31) and the Triangulum Galaxy (M33).
Beyond its speed and ability to both garner and analyze data, the ATA is also the first centimeter wavelength radio telescope with the ability to multi-task. While making innovative observations for radio astronomy, it can simultaneously interrogate solar-type stars for artificially produced signals that would reveal the presence of extraterrestrial intelligence.
This new capability increases many-fold the time astronomers can devote to large-scale surveys of the stars and expands the radio frequency band over which they can search. For SETI, in particular, this means that over the next two dozen years, the ATA will get 1,000 times more data than has been accumulated in the past 45 years.
The ATA uses mass-produced, 20-foot-diameter radio dishes and commercial telecommunications technologies combined with an innovative receiver design and state-of-the-art digital signal processing technology. Working together, these small dishes create a telescope with a wide field of view ideally suited to rapidly surveying the sky. The layout of the 42 dishes was created by a computer model and is optimized to provide high quality radio imagery of the sky. The ATA can also filter out noise from man-made interference that in many radio telescopes would render much of the data unusable. The array can be easily upgraded as new advances in computer or telecommunications technology become available.
The total cost of the project to date, including research, development and construction costs for the array and the necessary radio astronomy and SETI signal detectors, is $50 million. The first phase of this project was funded through generous grants totaling $25 million from the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation. UC Berkeley, the SETI Institute, the National Science Foundation, Xilinx, Nathan Myhrvold, Greg Papadopoulos and other corporations and individual donors contributed additional funding. Both UC Berkeley and the SETI Institute are engaging in additional fundraising efforts to complete the full 350-dish array.
When completed in approximately three years, the array will have unprecedented research capabilities. Capitalizing on constant advancements in computer technology, the ATA will be manufactured at a fraction of the cost of traditional instruments. The ATA team is prepared to install more dishes as additional funding is secured.